Michael Evans, Defence Editor and Kevin Flynn in Moscow
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Pictures of triumphant Russian soldiers sitting on armoured personnel carriers as they were driven through towns in Georgia will be among the lasting images of the seven-day war. But the victory did not tell the whole story, analysts said yesterday.
The ageing vehicles were so lightly armed and so uncomfortable and hot to sit in that the Russian soldiers felt safer perched on top. “At least they could then react quickly if there was an attack,” Colonel Christopher Langton, an expert on Russian armed forces at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, said.
For an invading force from what used to be a military superpower, Russia's 58th Army did not look like a modern fighting unit. Victory came as a result of overwhelming numerical superiority and a textbook Soviet-style strategy based on detailed planning that leaves little room for flexibility. It was shock and awe by force of numbers, rather than by precision-guided weapons.
The Russians have learnt lessons from American campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan and from their own experiences in the Balkans, but the Georgia operation was old-style fighting with Cold War-era equipment.
The Russians arrived in Georgia not only with inadequately protected troop carriers but also lacking in airborne surveillance platforms to pinpoint targets for their gunners and bombers. They lost four aircraft, shot down by Russian-built Georgian anti-aircraft weapons. One of the aircraft was a Tupolev supersonic bomber (Tu22) known by Nato as a Blinder.
Colonel Langton said the Georgians had highly mobile anti-aircraft systems and were able to move them around to attack the Russian jets. Without the range of sophisticated unmanned aerial platforms that the Americans always deploy to watch over the battlefield, the Russians were flying blind into the war zone.
General Anatoly Kornukov, the former head of the Russian Air Force, told the Moscow-based Independent Military Review that the failure to destroy Georgian anti-aircraft capabilities before the Tu22 arrived in the region meant the crew of the bomber were sent to their deaths.
Losing aircraft at the hands of such a tiny opponent was unfortunate. Losing their overall commander, who suffered shrapnel wounds as he travelled in an armoured convoy in South Ossetia, the breakaway Georgian region, looked like carelessness. General Anatoli Khrulyov, the head of the 58th Army, was in a convoy that appeared to lack air cover.
Perhaps, most embarrassingly, the Russians discovered that some of the Georgian equipment was more advanced than their own. Georgia's T72 tanks and Su25 jet fighters were upgraded with night-vision equipment, something the Russians appeared to lack. “The Russian forces had to operate in an environment of technical inferiority,” Konstantin Makiyenko, deputy director of the Russian Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, told The Moscow Times.
The brief Georgia war, however, showed a Russian army that had improved significantly from the 1990s, when corruption, lack of leadership and poor funding hampered the once-mighty Red Army severely as it became bogged down in Chechnya, where largely conscript troops were deployed. In Georgia, the majority were professional soldiers, although the defence ministry in Moscow admitted there were some conscripts.
“The Russian army has shown that it is far more deployable than in the 90s, able to get frontline troops in and out in a short space of time,” Matthew Clements, from Jane's Information Group, said.
Russia has said that one of it priorities is to rebuild its army, and much of its new-found oil wealth has gone into weapons. The defence budget went up 22 per cent last year and Moscow plans to spend £100 billion in the next ten years on new hardware.
Russia formally informed Nato yesterday that it was halting military co-operation with the alliance until further notice. Nato foreign ministers had already announced after an emergency meeting in Brussels on Tuesday that no meeting of the Nato/Russia Council could be held until all Russian troops were withdrawn from Georgia.
Failings
— Ageing armoured personnel carriers lacked proper bolt-on armour to protect against anti-tank weapons
— No airborne unmanned surveillance platforms to spot Georgian anti-air defence systems
— No precision-guided missiles/bombs
— No night-vision or satellite-linked navigation equipment
— No protection for Tu22 bomber destroyed during reconnaissance
(Source: Times archives)
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I trust Russian technology, but in the Georgian war Russia had under estimated its foe. they expected the Georgian to be operating on low tech weapons and thought it would be a short time battle with no losses so they didn't use their advanced weapons. That's probably what happened , I hope
Rayan, South, Lebanon
Who needs to attack Russia - it falls apart on its own.
AC, Moscow, Russia
Well, he sound Brit to me, and you sound very Yankly.
Aren't you ??
Godwin, Oakland, Newzealand
Still divided between the Russian propogandists (some using fake names and locations) and the Kumbaya crowd I see. Much heat, no light.
If Russia is up against a real (conventional war) opponent, their lack of military experience and technology will show. Bullying small opponents is easy.
JLK
ga, Portland,
There are two basic rules in war: -
1. Never attack Russia
2. See Rule 1
Napoleon and Hitler found that out and now little Georgia knows it too.
David, Dubai, UAE
wait till you see the sequel it's called The Evil Empire Strikes Back.some of you crack me up .all you're america&israel bash'n .trying to defend liberty and freedom is something incocevable 2 some.read armageddon oil middle east crisis j.f walvoord written 1990 .buildn democracys not empires. euro?
matthew copen, west virginia , united Statesof America
Russia, CNN leans heavily toward anti-American. If America or its allies commit atrocities, CNN will happily air it to make us look bad. BBC is the same way. Stop saying we did not see, what we saw was Russia already prepared to attack. When we attacked Iraq, they had over a years warning.
Bill, San Diego, United States
Well, my thought would be, the sooner US stops pocking its nose in others buisness
"Allan, London, UK"
Yet more fake "British" commenters here. Unfortunately your spelling shows you are not a native English speaker. Try posting with your real name and country next time.
Robert C, London , UK
Well, my thought would be, the sooner US stops pocking its nose in others buisness the problems around the world will stop.
I am not a supporter of Russians but Honestly think they are far better than the US.
I just hope the American politicians will cocentrate on feeding their poorer
Allan, London, UK
overwhelming numerical superiority works every time
mouse, aylesbury,
To David, Minneanapolis:
It wasn't training. Geargians destroyed the whole sity, they shot at childrens and pregnant women. They was throwing grenades into the basements where people was hiding. I am proud that Russia stopped that horror.
But I do not blame you, because CNN didn't show that
Aleksey, Perm, Russia
So much for the Israeli-elite trained Georgians!
Arkady, Smolensk, Russia
Well, the old outdated machine has defeated the Uncle Sam's new modern machine.
And even they seized a U.S humvees.
Let's be realistic for the sake of our own bloody folks.
Godwin, Oakland, Newzealand
This was just a Russian training operation - a dry run. Who is next? And then next? And then next?
David, Minneapolis MN, US
Russia has many modern hardware including T90 tanks with all features. Problem is that it is not used widely. But I guess T72 can do the same - it drives and shots.
By the way, quantity of russian forces was not bigger than georgian ones and Georgia wasn't "a tiny opponent". They had all to fight.
Aleksey, Perm, Russia
The Russian Air Force operates the Tu-22M BACKFIRE, not BLINDER. For those who blame NATO - shame on you, the Russians have been feeding the insurgency in the region for years and were waiting for any opportunity to send a message about BMD/NATO. Let's hope that Ukraine or Poland are not next.
Fred, Eagle River, USA
Saying the Georgians were equipped with Western kit is absolutely wrong. T-72s, Su-25s, etc are all Russian. As an informed professional miltary officer many of your comments amaze me, if you think Russia can now take on the World, then you show a complete lack of miltary affairs knowledge.
Fred, Eagle River, USA
How to get good news out of a war you just lost !... Congratulations...
Crimea's next...Equipment will be better there...Ukraine's better equipped ...Now that military intervention is part of the scenario for east Europe...the next shootout will be just that little bit more spectacular...
Rajiv Singh, Mumbai, India
The deaths in Georgia are a direct result of NATO expansionist ideology! Whilst the US bemoans the Russian juggernaut that smashed the Georgians the moral irresponsibility traces back to the Americans and those allied to it!
James, Honiara, Solomon Islands
During the Cold War it was the quantity and not the quality of the Warsaw Pact Forces that constituted the main threat. Piddling issues about lacking night vision equipment etc are relatively unimportant when attacking a numerically smaller opposition.
Mike Hodges, Epworth, UK
Yet all that technology doesnt seem massively helpful when you're confined to an airbase for months, watching the war go by.
Matt, Birmingham, UK
Georgian defeat during their war of aggression against Ossetia shows inadequate US-built equipment and training. Israeli - made air drones were also no better - a handful of them were shot by Ossetian modern anti-aircraft missiles. Yanks may be quacking in their boots at the success of Russian army.
R G Weiss, St Petersburg, Russia
So what are we to surmise?
That Russia will now spend billions upgrading its army or that the West does not have anything to fear.
I agree with Udo - one life lost is too many, whatever the hardware..
hamad Lone, London, England
Well Im sure the Russians will allocate billions to updating their military and the USA are already spending billions on the high-tech star wars stockade (that doesnt really work!) to protect against nuclear missile attack. Will it take another Hiroshima moment to finally usher in new thinking?
Cirep G Nol, London,
A Russian army who won via numerical superiority but with inadequate technological assistance....doesn't that sum up Russian military successes over the last few centuries?
Mike Thomas, London,
History tells us never to take the Russian military at face value. Apparent weaknesses mask a tough character and it has a superb ability to learn fast and adapt quickly.
Guy, London, UK
There is not a single dead person from either side in this conflict who gives a hoot about the technology that killed them. Its their families that matter not the polish on the bullet.
Udo, Melbourne, Australia